As an example for you, here's a random card (1961 Topps Mathewson) scanned actual size at 300dpi on the left (epson scanner). On the right, I copied and pasted the card (in photoshop) and then greatly enlarged it…
As you can see, the quality and sharpness of the scans is basically, exactly the same between the two. It doesn't seem like any information was actually lost. And this is 'only' at 300dpi, which most scanners are equipped with. Yes, I know I ended that sentence with a preposition, but the conclusion is still accurate. Use your scanner and scan away, then blow it up and print it out.